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Transactional distance theory was developed in the s by Dr, distance education dissertation. Michael G. MooreDistinguished Professor Emeritus of Education at the Pennsylvania State University Moore, It is the first pedagogical theory specifically derived from analysis of teaching and learning conducted through technology as opposed to the many theories developed in the classroom.
It is considered by some to be one of the few, if not the only, theory in distance education that can be used to test hypotheses. It can distance education dissertation used to frame experiments in tutoring or other learner support activities to assess what change there is in the outcomes of student learning, often judged by student completion Tait, Like any theory, the transactional distance model serves as a heuristic device, a means of identifying questions for research and also a very practical instrument to be used in making these difficult instructional design decisions.
The theory consists of a set of principles and a model that defines the pedagogical aspects of education as contrasted with others such as management and policy in three sets of distance education dissertation. Transactional distance theory states that when an instructional designer makes decisions, these decisions will result in a certain amount of structure, dialog and autonomy.
These amounts can be either unwitting consequences of the instructional design process, or the result of conscious instructional design decisions. Regardless, distance education dissertation variables interact to create transactional distance which Michael G.
how much structure, dialog, and autonomy to build into the course, so as to minimize transactional distances and thereby maximize learning outcomes. A number of researchers have used Moore's theory as the theoretical underpinning for the development of a number of statistically valid and reliable scales to measure transactional distances.
Some of these are listed below together with a brief description. Aixu Monica Zhang built on Michael G. Moore's theory by proposing that transactional distance could be viewed as a measure of the student's difficulty in becoming actively engaged with their online learning environment. She defined transactional distance by four sets of variables the Transactional Distance between Students and Students TDSSdistance education dissertation, the Transactional Distance between Students and the Teacher TDSTthe Transactional Distance between the Student and the Content TDSCand the Transactional Distance between the Student and the Instructional Technology TDSI.
She found that these four sets of variables were highly and statistically correlated with Student Satisfaction, which she distance education dissertation as her surrogate measure for Transactional Distance. Her work lead to a 31 element statistically reliable and significant Scale of Transactional Distance. Relative Proximity Theory Swart et al, distance education dissertation. Such a measure assumes meaning only when compared to another distance education dissertation measure such as, for example, in a statistical pre —post intervention comparison.
Many studies do not lend themselves to pre-post intervention comparisons. For example, the transactional distance between an actual class and an ideal class. Revised Scale of Transactional Distance Paul et al.
Zhang's model was re-evaluated in light of these changes. The results provided a 12 element parsimonious version of Zhang's scale which has excellent factorial validity and reliability, yields better fit statistics, and is easier and less time consuming to apply than the original scale.
Coll-TD Scale Wengrowicz et al. Moore's Theory of Transactional Distance to measure the transactional distances of students who are conducting research in virtual group collaborative environments. It defines Transactional Distance as composed of six sets of variables Communication between Peers, Understanding between Peers, Communication between Peers and Instructor, Understanding between Peers and Instructor, Prior Attitude toward Collaboration, and Satisfaction.
This yielded a 40 element statistically reliable and valid instrument. This 46 element scale was also shown to be statistically valid and reliable. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article includes a list of referencesrelated reading or external linksbut its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations.
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